Strategy Formulation Essay Example for Free

Technique Formulation Essay Essential key arranging is involved a few parts that expand upon the past bit of the arrangement, and works a lot of like a stream diagram. Notwithstanding, before setting out on this procedure, it is imperative to consider the players in question. There must be a responsibility from the most noteworthy office in the hierarchical chain of command. Without purchase in from the leader of an organization, it is impossible that different individuals will be strong in the arranging and possible usage process, along these lines damning the arrangement before it ever comes to fruition. Responsibility and backing of the key arranging activity must spread from the president and additionally CEO right down through the positions to the line specialist on the production line floor. Similarly as critically, the key arranging group ought to be made out of top-level supervisors who are equipped for speaking to the interests, concerns, and assessments of all individuals from the association. Also, hierarchical hypothesis directs that there ought to be close to twelve individuals from the group. This permits bunch elements to work at their ideal level. The segments of the vital arranging process read a lot of like a clothing list, with one special case: each bit of the procedure must be maintained in its successive control since each part expands upon the past one. This is the place the similitude to a stream diagram is generally obvious, as can be found in the accompanying outline. The main special cases to this are ecological examining and consistent usage, which are nonstop procedures all through. This article will presently concentrate on the conversation of every part of the detailing procedure: natural examining, constant execution, values appraisal, vision and crucial, technique structure, execution review investigation, hole examination, activity plan improvement, possibility arranging, and last usage. From that point forward, this article will examine a Japanese variety to Strategy Formulation, Hoshin Planning, which has gotten extremely mainstream. Natural SCANNING This component of procedure definition is one of the two consistent procedures. Reliably filtering its environmental factors fills the particular need of permitting an organization to overview an assortment of constituents that influence its presentation, and which are essential so as to direct ensuing bits of the arranging procedure. There are a few explicit regions that ought to be thought of, including the general condition, the particular business itself, rivalry, and the inward condition of the firm. The subsequent result of customary assessment of the earth is that an association promptly notes changes and can adjust its procedure in like manner. This prompts the improvement of a genuine bit of leeway as exact reactions to inward Figure 1 Key Planning Process  and outer improvements in order to stay up with the opposition. Persistent IMPLEMENTATION The thought behind this persistent procedure is that each progression of the arranging procedure requires some level of usage before the following stage can start. This normally directs all usage can't be delayed until fulfillment of the arrangement, yet should be started en route. Execution systems explicit to each period of arranging must be finished during that stage all together for the following stage to be begun. Qualities ASSESSMENT All business choices are on a very basic level dependent on some arrangement of qualities, regardless of whether they are close to home or hierarchical qualities. The suggestion here is that since the key arrangement is to be utilized as a guide for every day dynamic, the arrangement itself ought to be lined up with those individual and hierarchical qualities. To dive significantly further, a qualities evaluation ought to remember a for profundity examination of a few components: individual qualities, hierarchical qualities, working way of thinking, association culture, and partners. This permits the arranging group to investigate the association and how it capacities in general. Key arranging that doesn't incorporate a qualities appraisal into the procedure makes certain to experience extreme execution and usefulness issues if not by and large disappointment. Quickly put, structure follows work; the type of the vital arrangement must follow the usefulness of the association, which is an immediate aftereffect of authoritative qualities and culture. On the off chance that any gathering feels that their qualities have been disregarded, the individual in question won't receive the arrangement into every day work methodology and the advantages won't be acquired. VISION AND MISSION FORMULATION This progression of the arranging procedure is basic in that is fills in as the establishment whereupon the rest of the arrangement is fabricated. A dream is an explanation that recognizes where an association needs to be sooner or later. It capacities to give an organization directionality, stress the executives, support and measurement of assets, upgrade of expert development, inspiration, gauges, and progression arranging. Porrus and Collins (1996) bring up that an effectively thought out vision comprises of two significant parts: a center belief system and the imagined future. A center philosophy is the suffering character of an association; it gives the magic that binds an association. It itself is made out of fundamental beliefs and a center reason. The center object is the associations whole purpose behind being. The imagined future includes an origination of the association at a predefined future date comprehensive of its yearnings and desire. It incorporates the BHAG (huge, furry, nervy objective), which an organization commonly arrives at just 50 to 70 percent of the time. This imagined future gives clearly portrays explicit objectives for the association to reach. The vital aftereffects of an all around defined vision incorporate the endurance of the association, the attention on beneficial exertion, imperativeness through the arrangement of the individual workers and the association all in all, and, at long last, achievement. When a settled upon vision is executed, the time has come to proceed onward to the making of a statement of purpose. An express statement of purpose guarantees the unanimity of direction, gives the premise to asset designation, guides authoritative atmosphere and culture, builds up hierarchical limits, encourages responsibility, and encourages control of cost, time, and execution. While defining a statement of purpose, it is imperative that it indicates six explicit components, including the essential item or administration, representative direction, essential market(s), client direction, guideline advances, and principles of value. With these components consolidated, a statement of purpose should even now stay short and essential. For instance, the statement of purpose of the American Red Cross, peruses: The strategic the American Red Cross is to improve the nature of human life; to upgrade confidence and worry for other people; and to help individuals maintain a strategic distance from, get ready for, and adapt to crises. Different elements of a statement of purpose incorporate setting the limits for advancement of organization reasoning, qualities, goals, and needs (strategy); building up a positive open picture; defending business tasks; and giving a corporate character to inside and outside partners. Methodology DESIGN This area of system definition includes the starter format of the point by point ways by which the organization intends to satisfy its strategic vision. This progression includes four significant components: ID of the significant lines of business (LOBs), foundation of basic achievement markers (CSIs), recognizable proof of key pushes to seek after, and the assurance of the important culture. A line of business is a movement that produces either drastically various items or administrations or that are equipped towards altogether different markets. While thinking about the expansion of another line of business, it ought to be founded on existing center skills of the association, its likely commitment to the primary concern, and its fit with the organizations esteem framework. The foundation of basic achievement factors must be finished for the association in general just as for each line of business. A basic achievement pointer is a check by which to gauge the advancement toward accom plishing the companys mission. So as to fill in as an inspirational apparatus, basic achievement pointers must be joined by an objective year (for example 1999, 1999â€2002, and so on.). This additionally takes into consideration simple following of the demonstrated targets. These pointers are normally a blend of budgetary figures and proportions (for example quantifiable profit, return on value, overall revenues, and so forth.) and gentler markers, for example, client faithfulness, worker maintenance/turnover, etc. Key pushes are the most notable strategies for achieving the crucial an association. By and large talking, there are a bunch of normally utilized vital pushes, which have been so suitably named terrific methodologies. They remember the fixation for existing items or administrations; advertise/item improvement; focus on advancement/innovation; vertical/flat combination; the advancement of joint endeavors; broadening; conservation/turnaround (as a rule through cost decrease); and divestment/liquidation (known as the last arrangement). At long last, in structuring technique, it is important to decide the vital culture with which to help the accomplishment of the lines of business, basic achievement markers, and vital pushes. Harrison and Stokes (1992) characterized four significant kinds of authoritative societies: power direction, job direction, accomplishment direction, and bolster direction. Force direction depends on the disparity of access to assets, and administration depends on quality from those people who control the association from the top. Job direction cautiously characterizes the jobs and obligations of every individual from the association; it is an organization. The accomplishment direction adjusts individuals to a typical vision or reason. It utilizes the mission to attra

How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech free essay sample

Utilization of the word ‘victim’ is powerful in building pity for Mayella, as it infers that she isn't to blame for her disasters and is rather the helpless soul enduring because of conditions that she was unable to control. This pity is then utilized as a route for the members of the jury to feel an association with Tom, who, as Atticus brings up, is ‘a peaceful, decent, humble Negro who had the unmitigated audacity to ‘feel sorry’ for a white woman’. By reminding the legal hearers that Tom isn't so not the same as them, in that they all pity Mayella, Atticus relates them with Tom. Pity for Tom is additionally evoked, as Atticus reminds the hearers that Tom was only ‘a calm, good, humble Negro’. Words, for example, ‘humble’ develops a picture of an unassuming man and plants a little seed of uncertainty about Tom’s coerce in the psyches of the hearers. We will compose a custom paper test on How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech? or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Atticus likewise attempts to lead the jury to have sympathy for Tom by putting a little accentuation on Tom’s situation: ‘[Tom] has needed to set his assertion against two white people’s. In that season of racial partiality, for Tom to negate any white individual was an edgy way, as dark individuals are typically thought to be in an inappropriate consequently, and in this manner, through helping the legal hearers to remember Tom’s declaration, Atticus is endeavoring to deliver feel sorry for Tom. The tone of the announcement additionally recommends that such an intense activity was not by decision; with the expression ‘has had to’, Atticus is suggesting that it was Tom’s final hotel, that Tom was constrained by the conditions to challenge the Ewells’s declarations. The proof is introduced to the jury in an unmistakable way: ‘There is conditional proof to demonstrate that Mayella Ewell was beaten brutally by somebody who drove solely with his left and Tom Robinson currently sits before you, having made the vow with the main great hand he has his correct hand. ’ Here, Atticus is positive on the proof and rules out equivocalness; he accentuates the way that Tom had just a single practical hand, his right. The impact of this perception is ground-breaking, since it powers the jury to reevaluate; Atticus’s articulation obviously traces that Mayella was beaten by a left-hander, an accomplishment unthinkable for the disabled Tom, thusly strengthening a prior statement by Atticus: ‘The respondent isn't blameworthy, however somebody in this court is. ’ The tone in this claim adds somewhat sensational pressure to the environment of the court and assists Atticus with picking up the intrigue and consideration of the crowd as they stand by to hear to whom Atticus has appointed the blame. The tone of Atticus’s discourse likewise gets another convincing component. A case of this is seen when Atticus despises the presumption that every single dark individuals are liars and indecent creatures not to be trusted around white ladies: ‘Which, men of honor, we know is in itself a lie as dark as Tom Robinson’s skin, an untruth I don't need to bring up to you. ’ The expressions of this announcement recommend a fairly powerful tone as Atticus declares that to generalization isn't right. Using comprehensive expressions, for example, ‘we know’, Atticus is additionally ready to bring out a slight sentiment of disgrace in the legal hearers as he in a roundabout way criticizes their bias by inferring that they should have realized that their speculation of dark individuals was essentially false. Atticus attempts further to break this since quite a while ago instilled partiality by telling his crowd that they are no different: ‘You know reality and actually this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are unethical, some Negro men are not to be trusted around ladies †high contrast. In any case, this is a fact that applies to mankind and to no specific race of men. There isn't an individual in this court who has never lied, who has never done an indecent thing, and there is no man living who has never viewed a lady with want. ’ With this decree, Atticus can show that Tom is the same in character to any other individual and that the jury ought not permit bigot recognitions to impact their decision and cause them to pass judgment on Tom putting together their sentiments with respect to how likely they think those about his race are to submit this horrible offense. Atticus later enlarges his supplication by taking note of that in a perfect world, equity is visually impaired: ‘But there is one path in this nation in which all men are made equal†¦ The establishment, men of honor, is a court†¦ in our courts, all men are made equivalent. ’ Atticus is importuning the legal hearers to view the case with an unbiased eye, reminding all that everybody merits equity, paying little heed to skin shading. His point, that ‘all men are made equal’, is additionally rehashed, to stress that a jury, or to be sure, anybody by any stretch of the imagination, ought not pass judgment on dependent on race, yet on reality. By and by, I discover Atticus’s discourse incredibly amazing in that it is profoundly persuading. The control and utilization of the words is likewise inconceivably viable, making the crowd feel precisely as planned and before the finish of the discourse, one could barely question that Tom was genuinely guiltless of the grievous wrongdoing of which he was blamed.

Leadership Reform

Question: Points: Rustic essential consideration doctors and partners of doctors encounters obstacles while actualizing EHRs at provincial essential consideration facilities. This examination manages this subject. The information that they gain: Disperse information on EHR innovation through the evacuation of hindrances Take choices on country PCPs. Change approaches and plan ventures Mange relationship with partners I have investigated the rustic PCPs execution of EHR framework through a subjective and phenomenological plan. Research Question: The exploration questions incorporate the accompanying: What the essential consideration doctors and their aides have confronted? Their opinion of complex versatile frameworks while attempting to recoup the issue of executing electronic wellbeing records? Answer: Theme criticalness: As indicated by Adams Gaetane (2011) Business people group may advance from the result of the exploration and it might impact country essential facilities to receive the electronic wellbeing records. Through a subjective research holes will be filled, writing will be broadened and the structure of future research gave in it will expand the extent of further research. It will be helpful in strategic policies, procedures and strategies. Commitment to Business practice: As talked about in Sheffield Haslett et al (2012), through a subjective and phenomenological investigate, there will be an arrangement of away from of how to defeat the boundaries and that excessively from the point of view of the provincial PCPs and their colleagues. The partners of provincial essential consideration centers will get data about what impacts the dynamic driving towards a fruitful usage of EHR. As indicated by Mechanic (2008), it will profit by low human services cost in spite of the fact that the nature of treatment will build It will support usage and selection of EHR in HIT field and create productive ease social insurance benefits that will result into a manageable business. Suggestions for Social change In light of the examination, the PCPs and provincial essential consideration centers may endeavor to work freely with no help from government. As indicated by Adler-Milstein Bates (2010) the effect will prompt creative and proficient social insurance framework to satisfy the requests of expanded future just as decreased assets. An expanded pace of EHR usage will usher a social change. Foundation As indicated by Channon et al (2012) numerous nations including Indian Government has impacted the specialists, medical attendants, emergency clinics and insurance agencies to utilize ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) for development of subjective human services offices that will lessen the social insurance cost. Electronic Health Record (EHRs) is one such utilization of ICT by numerous nations. As indicated by Goldberg (2012), in most recent couple of years, Indias human services division has developed in quality and amount with Private segments putting resources into medicinal services area and in this way making it into one of the essential patrons of Indias GDP. EHR is a need of country India as a result of the accompanying: Exact and moment data for the patients Empower access of interface, for example, telehealth to think about clinicians, staff individuals, and drug specialists. Different offices not gave locally Help the provincial social insurance associations to give compelling neighborhood care and this is economical Offers productive claim to fame referrals Administration of India has set a few principles for EHR in the year 2013. Service of Health and family Welfare requested the foundation of EHR principles advisory group, who suggested the rules. For its sake, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry oversees it. The rules make it sure that every single clinical datum is effectively accessible and compact. This assignment is risky as just 160 million individuals use web. The boundaries are Constrained access to framework and capital Reasonable items for rustic medicinal services Trouble in utilizing broadband association Trouble in getting network purchase in Restricted degree to work together with provincial partners Confined purchase in from rustic medicinal services or emergency clinics staff with diverse employment Reference Adams, C.M. also, Jean-Marie, G., 2011. A dispersion way to deal with study initiative reform.Journal of Educational Administration,49(4), pp.354-377. Adler-Milstein, J. also, Bates, D.W., 2010. Paperless medicinal services: Progress and difficulties of an IT-empowered social insurance system.Business Horizons,53(2), pp.119-130. Brahmer, J.R., Tykodi, S.S., Chow, L.Q., Hwu, W.J., Topalian, S.L., Hwu, P., Drake, C.G., Camacho, L.H., Kauh, J., Odunsi, K. also, Pitot, H.C., 2012. Security and movement of antiPD-L1 neutralizer in patients with cutting edge cancer.New England Journal of Medicine,366(26), pp.2455-2465. Lazarus, J.H., Bestwick, J.P., Channon, S., Paradice, R., Maina, A., Rees, R., Chiusano, E., John, R., Guaraldo, V., George, L.M. also, Perona, M., 2012. Antenatal thyroid screening and youth intellectual function.New England Journal of Medicine,366(6), pp.493-501. Repairman, D. furthermore, McAlpine, D.D., 2010. Human science of Health Care Reform Building on Research and Analysis to Improve Health Care.Journal of Health and Social Behavior,51(1 suppl), pp.S147-S159. Sheffield, J., Sankaran, S. furthermore, Haslett, T., 2012. Frameworks thinking: restraining unpredictability in venture management.On the Horizon,20(2), pp.126-136.

Invasion of the Body Snatchers and 1950’s America - Literature Essay Samples

Each decade of the 1900’s in America has a basic reputation that one has engrained in their mind, even if one wasn’t actually alive during the specific decade. This being said, the 1950’s has distinct stereotypes that most Americans are aware of. The perfect American family, the loyal and obedient housewife, and the providing business- husband is the clichà © 50’s; like our generation, there were many different things going on, but this particular image is the one most connect with this decade. This image is promoted even more through modern media and television; shows like Mad Men and American Horror Story delve into these stereotypes and popularize them in the modern world. These stereotypes make the 1950’s look quaint and perfect; a utopia where families were happy and problems didn’t exist. However, a nation terrified against the possible threat of Communism and the portrayal of women as â€Å"weak and serving† is the part of the 1950’s that many Americans don’t like to look at. We learn about it in our history books and through modern education, but it is not shown as much when looking in the media at the clichà © of the fifties. In Jack Kinney’s 1956 novel Invasion of the Body Snatchers (originally titled The Body Snatchers and published the previous year), all sides of this decade are shown. Finney’s science fiction work about the a doctor and his love interest fighting against an identity stealing alien force incorporates the typical fifties American community, the set gender roles, and a nation terrified of Communism. Finney’s novel starts off with the first person narration of Dr. Miles Bennell, a local doctor in the town of Santa Mira and the protagonist of the novel. Not only does Bennell’s vocabulary sounds a bit old-fashioned, but certain aspects of Bennell’s everyday life are foreign to us. Bennell mentions, â€Å"Ive gone to bed staggering-tired, knowing Id be up in a couple hours driving out to a country call; as I did, have done often, and will again† (Kinney 2). The notion of a country call, or house call, which driving out to the patient’s actual house to do a medical examination, is totally unfamiliar to us in the modern day. There are a few doctors who still travel to the houses of their patients for checkups. One of the main reasons for this is because there aren’t as many small town, local doctors who are close to the community. In the novel, Miles knows just about every member of the town. He knows each of his patients not just as a patient , but as a member of the neighborhood. When Becky Driscoll comes to him needing his help, she mentions her cousin and her uncle as if Miles knew them personally, which he does. Not only this, but each member of the community knows Miles; when he goes to check on Uncle Ira, they have a common back and forth between the two. â€Å"This was the usual routine between us, whenever we ran into each other around town† (Kinney 6). He’s not just a doctor, he is a highly respected member of the community. Even despite Miles’ position in the town, a community this close guarantees that everyone will know each other in some way. Miles states; â€Å"of course it was Uncle Ira, the same Mr. Lentz Id known as a kid, delivering an evening paper to the bank every night† (Kinney 6). A quaint, close- knit town like this is a high clichà © of the fifties; everyone knows everyone, usually from a young age. This is shown through the character of Miss Wyandotte, a librarian th at Miles had known since he was a child. She’d been working at the library for as long as Miles could remember, and her never changing position fit in with the routine of every day life. It’s also shown by the naming of the townspeople throughout the book, unimportant characters to the plot but crucial to showing how strong the bond in this town actually is. Nothing really changes, and each person delivers something for the town to continue to thrive. This is probably one of the reasons why certain people recognize the subtle changes in their close ones relatively quickly; theyre so used to things being a certain way that when even the slightest change occurs, it is noticed. The fact that the people of the town feel comfortable enough with Miles to come to his with absurd notion of simply feeling like someone they know is different, shows how close and almost familial they feel with Miles. This may be a reason why the aliens picked this town to invade; it’s alre ady so isolated and familial that not many people would have connections to the outside world. When Miles and Becky drive through the town and realize that it’s dying, Becky wonders, â€Å"do you think its possible for a town to cut itself off from the world?† (Kinney 75). For a town as internally close as this, it could be possible. Today, a doctor is simply someone’s medical caretaker. In the fifties, a doctor could be like family, especially in a town like Santa Mira. The typical close-knit, American community is definitely a known cliche of the 1950’s. The underlying gender roles in Invasion of the Body Snatchers also connect the story with the fifties. The main female protagonist, Becky Driscoll, is an accurate representation of a 1950’s woman. She is portrayed as beautiful and feminine; the object of Miles’ affection. However, Becky is also seen as more of a weak character, often falling back onto Miles to protect her and nurture her. She is often shown distressed or crying, either because of fear or downright frustration. She also constantly looks as if she is sick, or about to faint. When she and Miles witness the conversation between her â€Å"family†, Miles notes â€Å"her face was completely drained of blood, and her mouth hung open, and I knew she was only semi-conscious† (Kinney 81). Becky begins the novel as a classic fifties ‘damsel in distress’, and is constantly in need of the strong, nurturing male figure (Miles) to come in and save her. When he goes to rescue from her house, h e actually carries her all the way back to his home, like some kind of princess. Another female protagonist who adopts these stereotypes is Theodora Belicec, Jack’s wife. When Miles tells her his plan for her to wake Jack up if she notices the transformation of the unidentified â€Å"man†, Jack looks at her and asks her if she is even able to do so. The only woman in this novel who is even partially tough is Wilma, Becky’s cousin. Miles describes her as red-cheeked, short, and plump, with no looks at all; she never married, which is too bad. Im certain shed have liked to, and I think shed have made a fine wife and mother, but thats how it goes† (Kinney 4). He also states that Wilma is tough- minded and bright, owning two stores and making a steady income out of it. The first gender role that is shown in this description is Wilma’s lack of looks correlating with her smarts and success. A fifties wife was stereotypically lacking of intelligence or inn ovativeness; the husband of the family was often the working one while the wife stayed home and cared for the children and the house. The family model brings about the next aspect of a woman’s gender role, which is that Wilma never married. This was definitely uncommon in the fifties; a woman’s main goal was to find a successful man to marry and start a family with as soon as possible. Wilma’s rebellion of these typical gender roles makes her a foil character of her cousin Becky, and an alien to Miles. However, there is a transformation of Becky in this novel, to a classic fifties woman to a more strong, independent figure. This could be a symbolic representation of women at the time, slowly stepping up and rebelling against the classic â€Å"housewife† role. At the end of the novel, Becky actually saves Miles by sedating two of the men who are attacking him. On the more emotional side, Becky confronts Miles and tells him they should’ve married, ma king the first move in their relationship. Both of these acts were most uncommon in the fifties time period. A woman would often wait for a man to suit her, and would never proclaim her feelings for him first. Becky begins the novel as one of these typical fifties woman, but transforms throughout the novel into a more strong, tough- minded woman. Finney’s use of Wilma as well as his transformation of Becky shows his attempt to break these gender roles as well as exhibit of the rebel of the woman portrayal during this decade. One huge event going on during the publication of Invasion of the Body Snatchers was the Red Scare and Senator Joseph McCarthy’s investigation into â€Å"Un-American activities†. The Cold War was in full affect, and Americans were absolutely terrified that their greatest enemy, Communism, could actually be living among them. Many believe that Kinney’s novel is actually an extended metaphor of the invasion of communism in the United States. Finney translates the fear of a Soviet invasion into America into a story about alien invasion. In his story, the aliens steal peoples’ identities and live among the citizens of Santa Mira, in complete secrecy. A major scare at the time was the possibility that the Soviets could be subtly living among the Americans; every day people just like us. So Finney’s alien invasion and placement of the aliens among the people is a metaphor for the Soviet’s invasion and stealth among the American people. The threat o f lost individuality is one that is present both in the novel and in real life. UWF student Virginia Zasadny wrote an article on whether Finney’s novel is just an example of satire or a kind of Cold War propaganda, trying to unite American citizens even more against the possible threat of internal communism. â€Å"The pods infect their hosts, transforming them so that, while they are identical in every respect, they are now different, possessors of an â€Å"alienness† that comes from their new knowledge. This ‘new knowledge’ which comes from their ‘alienness’ is, of course, ‘a metaphor for communist ideas’† (Zasadny). She believes that, like communists trying to convince Americans that attempt to convince Americans that they are in the right, the aliens in this novel mimic the Soviets and try to make Miles and Becky see their way. Finney always insisted that the novel was purely for entertainment, not some sort of Anti-Comm unist publication. Maureen Corrigan, a writer for NPR, insists that the novel is just a metaphor for the every-changing nature of people, sometimes into something more negative. â€Å"People we love can change, Invasion of the Body Snatchers tells us, and sometimes that change is terrifying† (Corrigan). However, many critics still do believe that Finney’s novel had an underlying communistic theme, and the political and social events at the time, combined with the plot of an â€Å"alien† invasion in the novel, points more toward that direction. There are many distinct stereotypes and cliches that are connected to the 1950’s. The typical American family and community is one; close to each other, familiar and trusting with one another. Living in a 1950’s American town would guarantee that you’d know everyone, from the local librarian that you’d check books out from when you were a child to the man and his family that lived above the shoe store. The thought of community dependency is a positive one, but in this novel, it allows for an easier takeover by the alien force. Set gender roles were also an important theme in the 1950’s. The male was the typical working husband, providing a steady income for his family. The wife was the stay at home mother, caring for her home and family. Finney breaks some of the typical gender roles in Invasion of the Body Snatchers. He mirrors the slow rebellion of the roles in real life with the use of a more masculine female character as well as the transformati on of an extremely feminine character. The metaphor for the Red Scare is also seen in this novel; Finney may or may not have used the invasion of an identity snatching alien force as a metaphor for the invasion of Soviet Communists in the United States, trying to turn Americans over to their side. Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a typical 1950’s novel with cliches and stereotypes. However, Finney does challenge some of these stereotypes, as well as leave us with the question of whether or not he was really speaking about the political events of the time. This makes this novel an interesting mix of classic fifties literature and new ideals of the time, leaving us questioning it more than sixty years after it was published. Works CitedCorrigan, Maureen. The Sad Lesson Of Body Snatchers: People Change. NPR. NPR, 17 Oct. 2011. Web. 07 Dec. 2015. Finney, Jack. Invasion of the Body Snatchers. N.p.: Dell, 1956. Print. Zasadny, Virginia. Cold War Propaganda or Clever Satire? University of West Florida Book Club. Pensacola Magazine UWF University, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.

An Reflection With A Confession - 863 Words

I start this reflection with a confession. I have thought more about feminist ideology in the last week than in my entire lifetime†¦what does feminism mean to me? It is a concept that was accompanied by many negative connotations in my mind. I had no idea there were so many types of feminism†¦just the terminology is slightly overwhelming. After studying and reflecting on this topic, I will discuss what posts spoke to me, what made me uncomfortable as well as how I can develop trusting relationships with patients whose ideologies are contradictory to my own and conclude with the overall lesson I learned. I found the history of feminism very interesting and inspiring! I am grateful for the reforms and advancements that particularly first and second wave feminists fought incredibly hard for. These women recognized the need for revolutionary change and they acted on it. Without those brave trailblazers, graduate school would likely not be an option for me today. It seems to me that around the beginning of the third wave, the feminist movement became almost too diverse†¦if there is such a thing. Perhaps they lacked the focus and unity that their predecessors possessed, perhaps technology became a curse instead of a blessing, or perhaps they needed to reprioritize- but even the fact that you cannot with certainty define a feminist is distracting to me. In my quest to critically think through the feminism issue, I reviewed many websites and blogs. There were two in particular thatShow MoreRelatedReflection Of The Confessions836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Confessions written by Saint Augustine is an autobiographical book written about his journey through life. In Book 10, we move along from Augustine life journey of infancy, adolescence, his past sins, and his baptism. Now we see Augustine start to ask deeper questions about his existence and memories (Augustine, 246). Augustine’s way of writing the Confessions has changed, he starts to questions why he wrote this book because he knows that readers will disagree what he says. There are peopleRead MoreReflection Of Confessions By Augustine711 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Confessions,† written as an autobiography by the Christian bishop of ancient Hippo beginning in 397 C.E., Augustine, gives insight into his life from the time of his birth through the passing of his mother , Monica. In the story, Augustine writes of the different stages of his life and the impact they had during his later years. In Augustine’s earliest years, he remarks on his birth and his actions as a young child. However, he does not remember these things, but only knows from seeing other infantsRead MoreThe Sacrament Of Reconciliation : The Spiritual Side And The Physical Side975 Words   |  4 PagesA sacrament is an outward sign, of an inward grace, instituted by God. (CCC) In the Catholic Church part of a child’s initiation into a beginning and fuller part of being a member of the church is Confession. Confession is generally a sacrament received around age seven. This sacrament is a vital part of being instituted as a mature and understanding human being. There are several preceding steps and learning that goes into it. There are two different aspects of the Sacrament of Reconciliation:Read MoreAugustines View of Humanity1047 Words   |  4 PagesTopic:Essay A ssignment Augustines Confessions Throughout Confessions, Augustines view humans-- essential nature interesting differences , time periods civilizations, humans. The classical Greeks , optimistic, Europeans Renaissance Age Enlightenment, humans optimistically: center measure creation; supreme strivers, good evil; characterized reason, inherently good perfectible. 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The mission of Villanova University is to help create â€Å"thoughtful, intellectually-curious, and spiritually-grounded† students before they graduate. Thus, ACS helps transform young children to be mature adults. Students read â€Å"The Confessions† in ACS because they see August ine’s struggle to find his identity andRead MoreSummary and Reflection of Mark R McMinns Article Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling1607 Words   |  6 Pageselements of Christian faith to the work of counselors. McMinn has created a workable blueprint for Christian counselors by writing at length about Christian faith in and out of the counseling office, psychological health, prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption. 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In The Confessions of St. Augustine, he initiates this premise and argues in its favor. Discourse about evil is based on the Christian theological teachings of the omniscience, omnipotence, and perfect benevolence of God as well as the understanding that evil is present in this world. Since these four concepts are contradictory, one of them must be rejected. Thus, StRead MoreSummary Of Conversation With Daniel Migliore s The Doctrine Of The Trinity Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesit means to confess that God is triune, Migliore explains the origin of our confession as well as the implications of a God who is three in one. In the following essay, I will give an account of Migliore’s description of how and why we confess the trinity before describing the three interpretive statements Migliore offers to us in an attempt to explain the triune God in depth. Migliore defines the Christian confession of God as triune as a â€Å"summary description of the witness of Scripture to God’s

Character analysis of Rat Kiley free essay sample

Fear, death, and depression. These are all weights that can burden one throughout life. Tim O’Brien’s war stories often speak of emotional baggage by describing the person carrying them rather than the burdens themselves. In novel The Things They Carried, the author Tim O’Brien uses the character of Rat Kiley to better illustrate the emotional burdens that the soldiers in the Vietnam War faced. Rat was the platoon’s medic until he went crazy with fear and paranoia. He is very complex, especially when compared to the simple, brute men like Azar, Strunk or Jensen. Rat cares for everyone, not only when they are injured, but also when they are dead. He does this by sending letters to the family of the soldier, hoping to get a response and very rarely receiving one. The fact that he continues these efforts that are rarely noticed shows that he is a very caring character. We will write a custom essay sample on Character analysis of Rat Kiley or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His good-hearted spirit is also shown by his attempts to control his anger and emotions. This kind and hospitable mentality causes the audience to be put in a stage of shock when he goes crazy. The reader just doesn’t expect the â€Å"nice guy† to have horrific things to happen to him. It also expresses that anyone can break, even if he doesn’t deserve it. Rat Kiley is very different from most of the characters and his personality often clashes with the men in platoon. He is not like Azar who is immature and racist. Instead he is kind to all the men, even the ones that don’t like him. Nevertheless, his emotions do get the better of him; but rather than embracing hate and anger, he fights these feelings. He battles them to the brink of insanity. This instability is shown when he kills a baby water buffalo. He doesn’t kill the beast because it was dangerous or injured, but because he felt so much emotion and pain after the death of his best friend Curt Lemon. Tim O’Brien writes of this saying, â€Å"He shot off the tail. He shot away chunks of meat below the ribs† (O’Brien 75) and later says, â€Å"Rat Kiley was crying. He tried to say something, but then cradled his rifle and went off by himself† (O’Brien 76). Unlike Azar who kills the puppy for no reason and feels no remorse, Rat kills the buffalo because of sadness and pain and cries after killing it. The fact that he didn’t want to kill the buffalo shows that he is not a monster, but rather a man trying to fight the monster inside of him. The killing of the water buffalo wasn’t the only thing that showed the effect of the emotional burdens on Rat; rather it was more his stories that showed them. He would often tell stories of how heroic a deceased man in the platoon was to the family members in his letters to them. Many times theses stories were not true. O’Brien speaks of his letters saying, â€Å"Later in the week he would write a long personal letter to the guy’s sister, who would not write back, but for now it was a question of pain†(O’Brien 75). Rat knows he won’t receive a letter back, but he continues to do so. Perhaps it wasn’t just to comfort the family, but more to comfort himself and to cover up the hurt that he felt with loss of every man. Maybe he was just hoping for some interaction with the outside world or felt guilty for every man he didn’t save. Whatever the reason it shows how war can make even the strongest men so desperate and insecure. Another story that showed his instability was the tale of Mary Anne Bell. He claimed it was one-hundred percent true, but everyone knows it’s not. Not to mention it’s extremely creepy. Basically the story is about a girl whose fiance flies her out to Vietnam (which would never happen) and she basically goes crazy because she feels liberated by fighting in the war. At the end of the story she’s wearing a necklace of tongues, sneaking around the jungle. It’s creepy. The fact that Rat believes it’s true and the sheer-madness of the story obviously shows that Kiley has some serious problems in the head. Instead of causing pointless violence, he tries to suppress these problems and burdens by telling these stories. Throughout life one must face many obstacles and pain. The pain, however, rarely lessens. In fact, they usually exacerbate. Likewise, Rat’s burdens get worse, but he continues to move on until finally he snaps. This time it wasn’t like with the buffalo, where he was fine after venting some serious emotion. No, this time it was much worse. He didn’t just break. In this case, he could not be fixed and he was lost. Rat couldn’t just tell a story about how heroic an already dead man was to comfort himself, because this time the soldiers he was distraught about were still alive. He was beginning to imagine what every soldier would look like injured or dead. He had received so much pain from being a medic that he was overflowing and breaking apart under the metaphorical pressure. According to O’Brien â€Å"The strain was too much for him. He couldn’t make the adjustment† (O’Brien 208). This event really shows how powerful and heavy the emotional burdens that the men carried were, because the first time he snapped he was able to recover. However, this time he didn’t recover and he remained in pain and with fear. In fact, the fear was so great he ended up shooting himself in the foot. The audience doesn’t receive any closure on Rat’s pain, leaving the reader to question if Kiley was ever fixed. Yes, he did leave Vietnam safely with only a bullet hole in his foot, but there is no true closure on the subject. The reader is left with a feeling of ambiguity, wondering if he recovered or if the emotions continued to build up until he lost it like Norman Bowker and killed himself. Soldiers of the Vietnam War faced many physical challenges. However, it was the emotional challenges that would affect not only the men but all who interacted with them for years to come. When Kiley lost his mind all the men in his platoon felt sorry for him. They were concerned for him when he killed the buffalo and when he was overcome with paranoia. They had felt the same emotions he was expressing and were relieved when he freed of the war. They were relieved because they knew how hard he had fought not to become a monster. The men believed that Kiley deserved to be free of the emotional burdens of war. When Rat left ‘Nam, they were overcome. Overcome not with fear and pain but with hope. Hope for the future.

Truth Behind the Lies free essay sample

The famous romantic novelist, Mark Twain, is well know for his attitude towards social conformity and the mores of society. In Twain’s mind, it is human nature for people to want to do the right thing in life, without silly rules or protocol. Everyone has their falls from grace, but the human race is generally good, with some exceptions. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, characters are frequently faced with dilemmas that challenge the morals they were taught to faithfully abide by, and most of these situations are resolved through the use of deception and lying. It is not the act of lying that defines the characters, but it is their motivation behind deceiving those around them that truly emphasizes their moral worth. Mark Twain seems to support the timeless moral adage, â€Å"The ends justify the means. † Many people disagree with this statement, but Twain exemplifies the reality that the chains that confine people to society’s rules must be broken by lying to survive or to protect another. We will write a custom essay sample on Truth Behind the Lies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through Huck’s journey to self-discovery, Twain conveys his belief that defying society’s moral standards is necessary in certain situations in order to do the right thing. Much research has been done on the topic of morality in Twain’s point of view and how it has been expressed through the main character, Huck. Laurel Bollinger suggests that â€Å"Huck never moves into the realm of abstract morality; he never asserts a conviction that when two moral principles come into conflict, one will have priority because of the nature of the moral principle itself. Instead, he acts strictly through his sense of Sherrard 2 commitment to his friends† This is appealing to the romanticism in the novel. Huck makes his decisions purely based off of his instincts and connections to those around him, not off of the moral standards he is obligated to fulfill because of society. Albert E. Stone comments that â€Å"Huck is the image of the classic Good Bad Boy. The Good Bad Boy is, of course, America’s vision of itself, cruel and unruly in its beginnings, but endowed by its creator with an instinctive sense of what is right† Man is given an internal moral compass to guide him. Rules that are written are not what guide us to do what is right. It is the natural God given instinct to wan to do the right thing in life. This is why Huck perverts the truth. â€Å"The most obvious place to look at [Huck’s character development] is Huck’s changing attitude toward Jim, who he eventually comes to see as a fellow human being rather than a slave or an object of property† (Sewell 114). For example, as Tom Quirk suggests, it is ironic that Huck finds himself inferior to those around him because he decides to lie to protect his companion, Jim. He feels that it is a sin, but in this situation it is the more ethical choice to be made, even though society deems it unacceptable. Huck’s lies, while situational, are mostly told in order to ensure his own survival and the protection of Jim. From the beginning of the novel, Huck’s fascination with truth is displayed in his saying, â€Å"Mark Twain, he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. I never seen anybody but lied one time or another,† (Twain 13). To Huck, the idea of lying is not a big deal, so to speak. Huck lies to all the people around him when he fakes his death, but the only reason he does this is to escape the clutches of his alcoholic father. Huck’s survival is his first priority and if it were not for this deception, Huck would have continued to live in an abusive environment. His motive behind lying is survival. It is human nature to want to Sherrard 3 survive, and Huck’s instincts kick in telling him what he needs to do to survive: pretend to die in order to live. When he discovers Jim has run away, Huck decides to go against his morals and keep Jim’s secret to protect his friend. Although in southern society during the era of slavery this action would have been considered extremely immoral, Huck keeps the truth of Jim’s running away to himself because to him, it seems like the best idea at the time. Even though Huck’s intentions seem pure, he has a hidden motive for harboring Jim. Huck is a young boy and his immaturity is evident. Running away by himself would be extremely lonely and frightening for a child to do on his own. Jim’s presence would be comforting to Huck, so he decides not to reveal Jim. While Huck has been taught that under no circumstances is lying acceptable, these situations are examples of when the deception of others is ultimately the safer or more ethical choice that ultimately saves two lives, even if the intentions for lying were not completely pure at this point in the novel. Mark Twain uses the Duke and the Dauphin as foils to Huck in order to convey the difference between lying as a last resort and the unnecessary, malicious deception of others for one’s own selfish gain. When the Duke and the King are introduced to Huck and claim their titles, Huck is skeptical, saying that It didn’t take me long to make up my mind that these liars warn’t no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds. But I never said nothing, never let on; kept it to myself; it’s the best way; then you don’t have no quarrels, and don’t get into no trouble. I never learnt nothing else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way (Twain 125). The so-called Duke and King craft many schemes throughout the novel to scam people Sherrard 4 ut of their money and keep it for themselves. Twain feels that it is an inevitable part of human nature to tell lies, but the motivation behind these lies varies between characters. The villainous characters tend to lie for corrupt reasons while the good characters lie in order to do what is best in a given situation. A major turning point in Huck’s journey to discover his identity and relationship with the truth is when he makes up his mind to turn Jim in but then decides to protect him by telling two slave-catchers a story so that they will not discover Jim on the raft. In the midst of Huck’s doubt over his loyalty to Jim and willingness to lie for him, Huck makes a decision to lie to protect his friend from being captured and punished. Twain feels that these lies are important. These are the lies worth telling. Would it truly be right to allow an innocent man to be punished for his freedom; would it be wrong to help a friend, to save him? By the end of the novel, Huck’s character development closes with him having a greater understanding of the truth and when it is appropriate to lie, and also his compassion towards Jim grows into true friendship. The Duke and Dauphin have deceived countless people for their own personal gain, and Huck grows tired of their lies. Huck realizes that by not revealing the King and the Duke for who they are, he is protecting the guilty and allowing them to hurt innocent people, so he reveals him for the con artists they truly are. â€Å"I got to tell the truth, and you want to brace up, Miss Mary, because it’s a bad kind, and going to be hard to take, but there ain’t no help for it. These uncles of yourn ain’t no uncles at all; they’re a couple of frauds- regular dead-beats† (Twain 182). Huck tells the truth to stop the lies. Even though Huck himself is a liar, this demonstrates that there is a great difference between lying for a noble cause and unnecessarily lying for profit. The point that marks Huck’s true identity revelation is when he decides that even though protecting Jim is a sin, he is willing to do it. This is the Sherrard 5 moment when Huck realizes that every lie he told to protect Jim has been worth it because Jim is a person, not property. This is Twain’s statement that lying to do the right thing must happen. When the rules society has set out fail to accomplish a person’s goal to do the right thing, these rules can be strayed from. This is a person’s moral obligation to do what may not seem ethically correct, but in the end it will have been the right decision. Huck Finn, like every other character, makes decisions that influence who he is and what type of person he has become. Towards the beginning of the novel, he was naive and immature, but throughout his journey his understanding of the meaning of truth grew. Huck’s journey to individual discovery is Mark Twain’s attempt at provoking an individual discovery in all of the readers of his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A person’s morality is not defined by the lies they tell but by their reason behind telling this lie in the first place. In Twain’s mind, â€Å"sometimes a man has to do what a man has to do,† in order to do what is ethically right, and if that means going against what society deems morally correct, then so be it.

Precious Bodily fluids essays

Precious Bodily fluids essays As a filmmaker, Stanley Kubrick was somewhat of a perfectionist who went to obsessive lengths to fulfill his artistic vision. Known for doing numerous takes of the same scene, Kubrick was committed to perfecting the image in each frame and successfully conveying its meaning. With his 1964 masterpiece, Dr. Strangelove: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying, and Love the Bomb, Kubrick creates a satiric bombshell of nuclear war and social commentary. This film has an abundance of important scenes that convey the films overall theme through comedic dialogue and textured imagery, but one scene does a particularly exceptional job. A scene in which a ranting General Ripper unveils his bizarre motivation for the nuclear assault on Russia to the shocked Group Captain Mandrake, while fondling a smoking cigar in his mouth. I can no longer sit back and allow communist infiltration, communist indoctrination, communist subversion, and the international communist conspiracy to sap and poison all of our precious bodily fluids. The words of a nutty General Ripper, spoken maniacally by Sterling Hayden, give the viewer a better idea of what the film is all about. The dialogue is simply an exaggeration, and in many cases not an exaggeration, of the haunting thoughts plaguing the minds of Cold War America. Throughout the scene, Group Captain Mandrake, a British liaison played wonderfully by the flawless Peter Sellers, listens to Rippers ranting and tries to calm the general with little success. The dialogue alone makes the films satirical intentions clear and Kubricks simple staging and suddel imagery only deepens the connotation. Much of General Rippers insanity is shown through a close shot of his face from below. In the image we see only Rippers twisted face clenching a cig ...

The Hart-Rudman Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hart-Rudman Report - Research Paper Example The Hart-Rudman Report was constituted in the late 1990s by the US top-level government to study major issues of National interest, mostly to do with national security, and then recommend on the way forward for the same in the 21st century (Carl, 2003). The commission came up with a report that gave various observations that were predicted to affect the US in this century. Among the observations of the report was that there would arise a necessity to control the Middle East oil resources in the future. Further, the report predicted a resistance that would be faced by the US, which was to be both domestic and external resistance (USCNS, 1999). The commission also gave a recommendation about the issue of National security, which was majorly driven by the September 11 occurrence. Upon this, the report recommended that Homeland security measures were to be implemented, in order to avert the recurrence of the same. The report went ahead to warn that the issue of patriotism was the greatest threat to the security of the nation, in that there was a need to deal with domestic cynicism and apathy (USCNS, 1999). The greatest threat of US national security is terrorism. However, terrorism against the US is more understandable, owing to how the country has interfered with the lives of the less developed countries, in a bid to secure its interest, mostly oil. This policy has extended the threat of terrorism beyond the US to other parts of the world, where the US seems to have interests. For these reasons, The Hart-Rudman Report observed that the threat of terrorism is not yet over (Carl, 2003).The Hart-Rudman Report was meant to entice and influence the public opinion so that the public can accept the risks and sacrifices that the US foreign policy entails, in securing its oil interests abroad (USCNS, 1999). The report predicted that as the countries in Asia

Organisational Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Organisational Behaviour - Assignment Example Over the past ten years, the company has expanded and improved its systems and structures over the years. This paper examines the elements of the commercial activities of Spinneys Lebanon. It examines an overview of the company, its characteristics, organisational structure and internal system. The paper examines the organisational philosophy and other relevant organisational analysis to establish the main structures and systems of the company. The paper will conclude with recommendations on improvements that need to be made to the supermarket based on the organisational analysis. In attaining the stated aim of the research, the researcher will conduct an extensive enquiry into secondary sources about important concepts and structures of business theory. This will lead to the identification of a framework for the analysis of the important elements and structures in the company. The researcher will also identify important internal features that exist through the use of primary sources that describe the company's operations and structures. Spinney's Overview Organisations are set up to achieve a definite purpose. Thus, it comes with important systems and structures that enables the components to take inputs from the external environment and process them to output (Perrow, 1970). Hence the term organisation is used to signify the machinery or system for the attainment of a given mission by an entity. Spinneys is a Lebanese supermarket chain which is a subsidiary of Spinneys Global which operates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It is involved in the retail industry. As such, their business model involves the acquisition of foods and other goods from producers and wholesalers and selling them to the Lebanese public. Figure 1: Spinneys' Business Model From the diagram above, Spinneys makes its money through a system of acquiring goods and foods from three main sources; producers, wholesalers and other specialized Spinneys' factories around the worl d. They keep these orders in warehouses and storage centres. Most of these warehouses and storage centres are either on the premises of Spinneys or nearby. Spinneys operates different supermarkets around Lebanon. Each supermarket store has major facilities that allow the display of the products to be done. The premises are often very nice and comfortable. They allow for easy and convenient shopping by members of the Lebanese public. This allows the consumers to come and purchase goods and some service products as and when they want during appropriate times of the day. When stocks are exhausted, Spinneys' supermarket managers order new stocks either from the warehouses or from producers directly. These orders are presented to the shops and displayed for further purchases. Thus, on a basic level, Spinneys' operation is based on sourcing for products, 'processing' them by displaying them in their shops and allowing consumers to come and purchase them. This represents the crude business model. Since stocks represent the most important element of a supermarket like Spinneys, there is the need to ensure that the company holds optimal stocks. This is because if they hold too much stocks, it will be tantamount to locking up their working capital which will lead to slack and no returns on capital. However, if they do not hold sufficient stocks, they are likely to have stock outs and idle time that can have an impact on consumer confidence. As such, there is the need

Joseph Hellers Catch 22 and Joan Littlewoods Oh! What a Lovely War Essay Example for Free

Joseph Hellers Catch 22 and Joan Littlewoods Oh! What a Lovely War Essay Compare the ways in which figures of authority are portrayed in Joseph Hellers Catch 22 and Joan Littlewoods Oh! What a Lovely War. Both Catch 22 and Oh! What a Lovely War are satirical comedies looking at the absurdity and tragedy of war. Being satires, they serve to expose the flaws in wartime situations and in doing so often develop criticisms of authoritative figures. Both texts approach the portrayal of authority in slightly different ways; being a play, Oh! What a Lovely War has a lot more scope for portraying its characters visually and aurally, whereas Catch 22 must work within its boundaries as a novel. Both texts employ humour to portray characters of authority; whereas Littlewoods play is more focused on dark humour, Heller uses his own brand of absurd irony throughout the novel this humour is central to most techniques used in both pieces of literature. Both texts were written in the 1960s, (Catch 22 was published in 1961 whilst Littlewoods play was performed two years later) an era synonymous with the development of youth culture and radical change. Although Catch 22 was initially snubbed by many of its critics, the novel found its readership amongst the emerging generation of men and women who were fiercely opposed to the Vietnam war. Littlewood did not face the same hostility in 1963 when Oh! What a Lovely War was first shown to the public. Performed by the Theatre Workshop a company she had co-created the play was warmly received by the audience and critics alike. Despite their different reactions, both texts were on the cutting edge of anti-war sentiment and continue to be modern classics. Although the texts focus on different wars and different perspectives (Littlewoods play explores World War One from a primarily British perspective and Hellers novel is an American outlook on World War Two) their main themes are similar. Both texts are exploring the tragedy of war, the utter absurdity of it, the thirst for power and money war brings, and the ignorance of authoritative organisations. Figures of authority are numerous in both pieces, and do not only include the upper ranks (such as Generals, Field Marshalls and Colonels) but also the representations of business and religious organisations, for they too can be viewed as having authoritative roles in society, especially in wartime. One technique used by both authors is a demonstration of the lack of communication between commanding powers. Littlewoods portrayal of the allied army leaders is very effective in signalling how inefficient they are at communicating with one another. The French General Lanzerac and British Field Marshall French do not even speak the same language, and Frenchs unwillingness to do so reveals the total futility and worthlessness of their meeting: Aide: Do you think I ought to organise an interpreter? French: Dont be ridiculous Wilson; the essential problem at the moment is the utmost secrecy.(p21) In this scene the obsession with secrecy over commonsense negotiations shows us how inefficient the allied army authorities are, and the analogy of the different languages spoken serves to demonstrate the complete lack of communication amongst authoritative powers that hold the fate of thousands in their hands. In the same way, Catch 22 looks at the problem of communication within the upper ranks. The call General Peckam receives from Ex P.C Wintergreen the sole words being T.S. Elliot'(sic) has no hidden meaning but is interpreted in an absurd way; Perhaps its a new code or something, like the colors of the day. Why dont you check with Communications and see if its a new code or something or the colors of the day? (p45). This sentence also shows us some insight into General Peckams intellect, which doesnt seem to be substantial demonstrated by the repetition and imprecision of speech. Another example of these communicative difficulties is the case of Major Major who receives documents to sign, which have his signature already. The squabbling within the upper ranks is evident in both texts and serves to show us the pettiness and idiocy of figures of authority. There are many instances in Catch 22 where the Generals are engaged in sneaky tricks against one another. General Dreedles hatred of his son-in-law Colonel Moodus for example, inspires him to keep a beautiful nurse just to torment him with, and the Great Loyalty Oath Crusade1 is started by Captain Black in an attempt to avenge himself on Major Major (who gained the promotion Captain Black was waiting for). Similarly in Oh! What a Lovely War, the Belgian, British and French army officials are at odds with one another. The Belgian army are in a sorry state, the French are angry at the British, and the British refuse to believe they have any responsibility in the war; Were not here under any obligation French persists in telling Lanzerac. The heated discussion only ends when Lanzerac is offered a medal on behalf of the King of England. This gesture pleases the General, who kisses French on both cheeks and leaves, suggesting that the upper ranks of the army are only interested in recognition and promotion. This is a very powerful notion in Catch 22, in which key characters such as Colonel Korn and Colonel Cathcart will do everything in their power to be promoted. Cathcart says of his ambition: What else have we got to do? Everyone teaches us to aspire to higher things. A general is higher than a colonel and a colonel is higher than a lieutenant colonel. So were both aspiring (p450). One of the most important aspects of both texts is how different the experience of war is for the upper ranks and the ordinary men. The inability of authoritative figures to understand the realities of war and their cruel, seemingly deliberate ignorance in many situations is demonstrated in a number of key scenes. An important example of this in Oh! What a Lovely War is on pages 50/51 where a commanding officer reveals his detachment from ordinary trench life, and his unawareness of the death that surrounds the men every day; Ye Gods! Whats that? he asks the Lieutenant upon encountering a German limb that holds up the parapet, immediately telling the men to get rid of it as soon as possible. The Sergeants response reveals how clueless those in authority are to the brutalities of war: Heads, trunks, blood all over the place, and all hes worried about is a damned leg. This warped, uninformed sense of priority and general detachment is evident in Catch 22, especially within Colonel Cathcarts storyline. Hellers novel is jumbled chronologically, but one dependable indication of time is the number of missions the men are forced to fly under Cathcarts orders, which steadily increases as the story progresses. What is simply a number for the colonel is a very real death threat to the men of his squadron, many of whom reach the target just as the missions increase. Cathcart raises them for purely selfish reasons he hopes to gain recognition for his squadrons record and receive a promotion. The Colonels constant cry of Doesnt he know theres a war going on when Yossarian refuses to fly further missions is one of Hellers brilliant lines of absurd irony, as it relates directly to the figures of authority in the novel. They seem to be playing an insane game, unaware of how their actions affect the men they themselves dont realise theyre fighting a war. Other instances of differences between upper and lower rank men can be found in both texts. The final scene of Oh! What a Lovely War portrays the men as lambs to the slaughter at the order of their glory-obsessed officer, and we find them shouting Baaa baaa baaa (p86) as they advance towards the guns. In Catch 22 the Colonels are amazed that the ordinary men worship the same God as them, and after the revelation from the Chaplain refuse to believe it saying What nonsense! Does he expect us to believe that? and Chaplain, arent you stretching things a bit far now?(p407). A noticeable aspect of both texts is the portrayal of other key figures of authority primarily those of big business and religion. Where Littlewood is severely critical of both, Heller holds some sympathy for his character the Chaplain (a representation of religion). Common to both writers is a disgust toward capitalists who exploit war for their own commercial gain. The munitions manufacturers in Oh! What a Lovely War are introduced on stage as members of a shooting party, an ironic analogy highlighting the part they play in the destruction of so many young men. They discuss the peace scares that threaten their income, and congratulate one another for their inhuman schemes in money making: Britain: German chappies were caught on their own barbed wire?.Dashed clever. (p46) In the same way, the character Milo Minderbinder in Catch 22 exposes the lack of morals and boundaries capitalism creates in wartime. His collaboration with the enemy goes unnoticed due to his profit-making, and he even ends up bombing his own men and planes as part of a German contract; If I can persuade the Germans to pay me a thousand dollars for every plane I shoot down, why shouldnt I?'(p273) he tells Yossarian. The forces of religious belief in Littlewoods play are greeted with hostility as tools for the war propaganda machine, who support the war effort rather than fighting for the rights of the soldiers; Chaplain: it is no longer a sin to labour for war on the Sabbaththe Chief Rabbi has absolved your Jewish brethren from abstaining from pork in the trenches. (p77) Religion is portrayed in a slightly more sympathetic light in Hellers novel. The Chaplain is the only character who really connects with Yossarian, and his efforts to help dissuade the Generals from raising the number of missions proves a real commitment and solidarity to the squadron. He is rejected from the Officers Hall and treated disrespectfully by the Colonels, showing us that even Christianity is powerless in the face of such frighteningly stubborn authority. Another key theme of both texts is the portrayal of war as a game, or as something frivolous and light-hearted by those in authority. The very form of Oh! What a Lovely War is as a musical show, with song and dance. Key song titles include Ill make a man out of you and the grand finale track Oh its a lovely war which paints the text as a Broadway extravaganza rather than a harrowing look at battle. This technique is very effective in creating a bitter and attacking tone towards authoritative powers especially considering the nature of the opening scene. In a circus like frenzy the MC brings on the players of the war game; France, Germany, Austria, Ireland, Great Britain and Russia. This structural difference between the play and Catch 22 means that Oh! What a Lovely War parodies authority more consistently. Littlewood constructed the play as a show, so the ability of characters in power to undermine the seriousness of war is endless. The War Game is a classic example of this, as is the grouse-shooting party which consists of munitions manufacturers from the key nations involved in war. Other techniques were available to Littlewood lyrically bitter songs and the use of slides as an accompaniment to the speech, which both served as attacking forces against the power of authority in the play. Examples of this can be found in song titles such as If the sergeant steals your rum and ironic lyrics like with our old commander, safely in the rear in the hymn Onward Christian Soldiers. The use of slides and the newspanel is used on many occasions as a reinforcement of the ignorance seen in authoritative men such as Haig: Newspanel: BY NOV 1916 TWO AND A HALF MILLION MEN KILLED ON WESTERN FRONT Haig: I thank you, God; the attack is a great success. (p78) They are also used comically to outline the stupidity of the Generals: British Admiral: Have you got a plan? British General: Of course. Slide 5: A blank British Admiral: Yes, I thought so. (p6) In a structural sense, the techniques available to Heller with which to parody authority are much more limited. In a novel, all character representations are formed with literary descriptions and cannot rely on visual or aural aids like a play. His technique of storytelling is not as varied or spectacular as Littlewoods, but the effects of his bizarre plots are as successful in criticising authoritative powers as the use of slides and song in Oh! What a Lovely War. Colonel Cathcarts bombing pattern is a sufficient example of this and bears comparison with the War Game approach by Littlewood. Disregarding the fact that men are risking their lives on the insane bombardier missions they are forced to fly, Cathcarts sole concern is whether their bombs create an aesthetically pleasing pattern from the air We didnt get the bridge he tells Milo whilst recalling a previous mission, but we did have a beautiful bomb pattern. I remember General Peckam commenting on it. (p The episodic form of both texts may disrupt the sense of progression, but it is noticeable that the tone of both pieces of literature changes as they near completion. The bitterness towards authority increases, and humour is more often interspersed with moments of seriousness and tragedy. In Act Two of Littlewoods play, a moment of chaos reaches a serious climax with the juxtaposition of Haig and the British Generals telephone conversations against a background of men singing They were only playing leapfrog. The two men speak simultaneously in broken sentences until Haigs final comment No, you must reserve the artillery; we are using too many shells is uttered at the same time as the Generals last words, Night has fallen. The clouds are gathering. The men are lost somewhere in no mans land. This uncharacteristically sombre moment is shocking and serves to signpost the ignorance and inhumanity of Haig in times of crisis. In a similar way the absurd force of bureaucracy in Hellers novel borders on seriousness when Don Daneeka is recorded as killed and remains dead due to the power of paperwork. His presence in the novel is a tragic reminder of the madness of war, and his character becomes a living ghost, the sacks under his eyes turned hollow and black, and he padded through the shadows fruitlessly like an ubiquitous spookthen, only then, did he realize that, to all intents and purposes, he really was dead. (p366) The endings of both texts leave the reader with a slightly different outlook of authority and war. Whereas Oh! What a Lovely War finishes as it started, with a grand song in the traditional musical style, Catch 22 is much more subdued and understated. Both endings tell us something about the intention of the author, and of their opinion on the subject of war and authority. Littlewood wants to leave the audience feeling embittered and slightly outraged at the notion of the Great War as a show, in order to demonstrate the atrocities committed by those in authority against the ordinary men. The final songs Chanson de Craonne, I dont want to be a Soldier, And when they ask us, and Oh its a lovely war express both comic elements (Id rather stay at home and live off the earnings of a lady typist) and the tragic undertones that run throughout the play (I dont want a bayonet in my belly). Although these final songs are more preoccupied with the tragedy and futility of warfare, their tone is still bitter towards commanding powers such as the King and the Generals who promised them a lovely war, and described the life of a soldier as the cushiest job they would ever have. The cause of this great tragedy is clearly explained in Littlewoods play as a direct result of the ignorance and greed of commanding powers, in particular the European Empires and Haig, along with his circle of title-seeking aristocrats. Within the play there are other specific objects of blame; firstly the British Generals, Field Marshall French, and the British Aristocracy. Other possible areas of criticism lie in the portrayal of religion, and of the capitalists who profited from the war. Oh! What a Lovely War is a text very much favouring the ordinary soldiers, all of whom are represented as decent, kind-hearted, and spirited young men. These soldiers are the victims of authoritative powers, they are the lambs going to slaughter, and the grouse at the shooting party. Littlewood is not vague or subtle in her attack of the commanding men, and portrays them as idiots, fat cats and cowards. She intends to show us that they were the main cause of madness in wartime, and that these men of authority should be held to blame for the destruction of a generation. The conclusion of Catch 22 is quite different, and ends with the spontaneous attempt by Yossarian to run away from the military base. Hellers ending is a very interesting final act of defiance for his character, against the powers of authority in the novel. Despite having an easy route out of the air force a simple but dishonest deal with Colonel Cathcart and Colonel Korn Yossarian chooses to reject it. The presence of Natelys whore at the very end of the novel, who unsuccessfully tries to stab him, is perhaps an indicator that Yossarian is making the right choice in escaping from the madness and corruption of bureaucracy (the main authoritative force in Catch 22). The specific targeting of key characters is evident in Hellers novel as it was in Oh! What a Lovely War, with the Colonels and Generals (Cathcart, Korn, Dreedle and Peckam among others) being the main hosts for criticism. However, I believe there is a difference between both texts regarding the role authoritative figures play in war. Whereas Littlewood shows us that the commanding men create the chaos due to their own callous stupidity, in Catch 22 the madness of war seems to be a character unto itself. Although the commanding officers are idiotic and dangerously selfish, this insane wartime logic affects most of the ordinary men except for Yossarian and the Chaplain. A good example of this is near the end of the novel when Aarfy one of the men in the squadron rapes and kills a young girl. wYossarians utter horror when he discovers the scene is elevated further with the arrival of the police, who arrest him for being in Rome without a pass, completely ignoring the dead body on the pavement. Aarfys explanation I hardly think theyre going to make too much of a fuss over one poor Italian servant girl, when so many thousands of lives are being lost every day seems to bear a lot of truth. The infuriating authority figures in this novel and the foolish stunts they are engaged in appear to be more a product of war madness than a cause of it. Therefore, although both texts portray figures of authority in similar ways, their intentions are fundamentally different. Littlewood blames the commanding individuals and glorifies the men who were sacrificed under ridiculous orders. Heller looks beyond these small but powerful characters to a greater evil the madness of war and the insane chaos it creates in all; Colonels, Generals, Capitalists and even ordinary soldiers. 1 The Great Loyalty Oath Crusade was created to divert attention towards Captain Black and thus gain him a promotion the men must swear an oath of allegiance to get their pay from the finance officerto have their hair cut by the barbers. (p125)

Molds Essays -- Biology, Spores

Humans spend 90% of their lives indoors (Sorenson, 1999), thus, they are in contact with mold everyday of their lives. Because people are indoors so often, harmful mold normally grows inside. There are three types of molds, allergenic, pathogenic, and toxigenic. The most common are allergenic and pathogenic found in homes. These molds tend to grow in damp places, such as, bathrooms, kitchens, and basements. Within these growing molds, they produce spores (Flappen et al, 1999). Spores are used to pollinate and settle in damp locations to produce more molds. These spores are highly toxic to humans over long durations. Some diseases include pulmonary hemorrhage, hemosiderosis, and respiratory problems (Sorenson, 1999). Molds are dangerous to human life; however, some molds are beneficial to humans. One type of mold includes Stachybotry atra commonly known as the black mold, which can cause pulmonary hemorrhage in infants (Flappan et al, 1999). This disease causes the upper respiratory system to bleed from the nose and tracheal (Flappan et al 1999). Sometimes this type of bleeding is not caused by pulmonary hemorrhage, but hemosiderosis. Hemosiderosis is when macrophages are iron-positive; this causes the white blood cells to devour red blood cells (Flappan et al 1999). Red blood cells carry oxygen to the different organs, without red blood cells the body system would fail. These two diseases are only harmful to human bodies for short-term, while chronic asthma is long-term. People who were exposed to mold at a young age could suffer from asthma. Asthma is the most chronic problem induced during childhood by infesting indoor allergens. Mold is a type of indoor allergen that is common within urban areas (Ker... ...t pathogens (Weinhold, 2007). To reduce the amount of spores entering someone’s system, fix pipes and roofing problems, as well as, cleaning the moisture in the vent ducts. While some molding issues could be fixed by simply removing the moldy object and disinfecting the area (book). Others believe it is the design of a building that causes mold inhabitations to provoke respiratory issues (Weinhold, 2007). However, there certain molds not harmful to the human body like Penicillum (Landsber, 1949). This mold creates antibiotics which helps fight pathogens. There are many things unknown about mold, but researchers are determined to learn every aspect. It is important to educate the world mold because some could save lives, while others could take it away. There are no current regulations set on dealing with mold, but some insurance companies providing mold coverage.

Atoms, Molecules and Elements Essay

Atoms, molecules and elements are the building blocks of everything we can see, hear, and touch. Though not visible to the naked eye, it is the combination of millions of these tiny substances that make us who and what we are today. Many elements make up the world around us, and each element reacts differently to its surroundings. The definition of reactivity as pertained to chemistry states, â€Å"The relative capacity of an atom, molecule, or radical to undergo a chemical reaction with another atom, molecule, or compound† (Reactivity, 2014). The reactivity of some elements or gases is greater than that of others. When Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table he arranged the elements based on their relative atomic mass. Alkali metals are very reactive when mixed with other elements and are placed in Group 1A of the periodic table. There are also extremely reactive nonmetal elements called halogens and are known to be in group 7A in the periodic table. Both the alkali metal s and the halogens (nonmetals) on considered to be main group elements. When the number of outer shell electrons is closer to one or seven the higher the elements reactivity. Alkali metals contain a single electron in their outer shell which makes them highly reactive and halogens contain only seven electrons in their outer shell. Noble gases, such as helium, are not reactive because they are chemically stable and will not combine with other elements. Hâ‚‚S and Hâ‚‚O are molecules formed from atoms that share similar properties. While the molecular structure of these compounds looks similar they are actually very different. When Hâ‚‚O is combined a liquid is formed whereas Hâ‚‚S forms a gas. What is meant by the electronic structure of an atom? This describes how the electrons are organized around the nucleus of an atom. The protons and electrons of an atom both have an electrical charge. While a proton has a positive charge, an electron has a negative charge and when moving toward each other they will be attracted to each other. When two protons move toward each other they will repel away, as is true with two electrons. â€Å"The more energy an electron has, the farther from the nucleus it will be, thus electrons are arranged in shells at various distances from the nucleus according to how much energy they have† (Science Southwestern Advantage, 2011, p. 319). The charge of an atom works much like that of a magnet, if you try to put the two negative ends together they will push apart. Knowing the electronic  structure of an atom helps chemists to predict the outcome of chemical reactions by knowing if the properties will be attracted to each other or repel from one another. With all that scientists know about atoms, molecules, and elements I am sure there is much more to learn. Knowing how metals, gases, and elements work together can assist in predicting the outcome of experiments. References Reactivity. (2014, July 7). Retrieved from Dictionary.com: http://dictionary.reference.com Science Southwestern Advantage. (2011). Nashville: Southwestern/Great American Inc.

The Bird Flew Away - 2473 Words

We still need to learn more about Henrique, the brother-in-law of Leà ´ncio. He was an elegant and handsome young man of twenty years, frivolous, impulsive, and vain, as often are all youths, especially when they had the good fortune to have been born to a rich father. Despite those deficiencies, he had a good heart and a generous soul. He was a medical student, and since he was on vacation, Leà ´ncio invited him to come visit his sister and spend a few days at the estate. The two young gentlemen arrived from Campos, where the previous evening Leà ´ncio had gone to meet his brother-in-law. Only after Leà ´ncio married, since before that he rarely stayed at the family home, he began to notice the extreme beauty and exceptional†¦show more content†¦For your age, you already have the marrow of a moralist! ... Dont worry about it, my boy; your sister isnt so suspicious, and shes the one that likes Isaura seen and admired by everybody. And shes right; Isaura is like an extrav agant art piece, which should always be displayed in the parlor. You want me to send to the kitchen my mirrors of Venice? Malvina, coming from the interior of the house, cheerful, fresh, and happy as a spring morning, interrupted their conversation. Good morning, lazy gentlemen! she said with a clear and pleasant voice that reminded the listener of the chirp of a swallow. At last you got up! Youre very happy today, my dear, her husband replied smiling. You saw the blue bird of happiness? Not yet, but I will; I am cheerful, and I want today to be a day of celebration for everyone. However, that depends on you, Leà ´ncio, and I was eagerly awaiting for you to wake up; I want to tell you something; I should have already told you yesterday, but I was so pleased to see my ungrateful brother, whom I havent seen for so long, I forgot ... What is it? ... Tell me, Malvina. 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